Saturday, May 11, 2013

Earliest archaeological evidence of human ancestors hunting and scavenging

May 10, 2013 ? A recent Baylor University research study has shed new light on the diet and food acquisition strategies of some the earliest human ancestors in Africa.

Beginning around two million years ago, early stone tool-making humans, known scientifically as Oldowan hominin, started to exhibit a number of physiological and ecological adaptations that required greater daily energy expenditures, including an increase in brain and body size, heavier investment in their offspring and significant home-range expansion. Demonstrating how these early humans acquired the extra energy they needed to sustain these shifts has been the subject of much debate among researchers.

A recent study led by Joseph Ferraro, Ph.D., assistant professor of anthropology at Baylor, offers new insight in this debate with a wealth of archaeological evidence from the two million-year-old site of Kanjera South (KJS), Kenya. The study's findings were recently published in PLOS One.

"Considered in total, this study provides important early archaeological evidence for meat eating, hunting and scavenging behaviors -cornerstone adaptations that likely facilitated brain expansion in human evolution, movement of hominins out of Africa and into Eurasia, as well as important shifts in our social behavior, anatomy and physiology," Ferraro said.

Located on the shores of Lake Victoria, KJS contains "three large, well-preserved, stratified" layers of animal remains. The research team worked at the site for more than a decade, recovering thousands of animal bones and rudimentary stone tools.

According to researchers, hominins at KJS met their new energy requirements through an increased reliance on meat eating. Specifically, the archaeological record at KJS shows that hominins acquired an abundance of nutritious animal remains through a combination of both hunting and scavenging behaviors. The KJS site is the earliest known archaeological evidence of these behaviors.

"Our study helps inform the 'hunting vs. scavenging' debate in Paleolithic archaeology. The record at KJS shows that it isn't a case of either/or for Oldowan hominins two million years ago. Rather hominins at KJS were clearly doing both," Ferraro said.

The fossil evidence for hominin hunting is particularly compelling. The record shows that Oldowan hominins acquired and butchered numerous small antelope carcasses. These animals are well represented at the site by most or all of their bones from the tops of their head to the tips of their hooves, indicating to researchers that they were transported to the site as whole carcasses.

Many of the bones also show evidence of cut marks made when hominins used simple stone tools to remove animal flesh. Some bones also bear evidence that hominins used fist-sized stones to break them open to acquire bone marrow.

In addition, modern studies in the Serengeti--an environment similar to KJS two million years ago--have also shown that predators completely devour antelopes of this size within minutes of their deaths. As a result, hominins could only have acquired these valuable remains on the savanna through active hunting.

The site also contains a large number of isolated heads of wildebeest-sized antelopes. In contrast to small antelope carcasses, the heads of these somewhat larger individuals are able to be consumed several days after death and could be scavenged, as even the largest African predators like lions and hyenas were unable to break them open to access their nutrient-rich brains.

"Tool-wielding hominins at KJS, on the other hand, could access this tissue and likely did so by scavenging these heads after the initial non-human hunters had consumed the rest of the carcass," Ferraro said. "KJS hominins not only scavenged these head remains, they also transported them some distance to the archaeological site before breaking them open and consuming the brains. This is important because it provides the earliest archaeological evidence of this type of resource transport behavior in the human lineage."

Other contributing authors to the study include: Thomas W. Plummer of Queens College & NYCEP; Briana L. Pobiner of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; James S. Oliver of Illinois State Museum and Liverpool John Moores University; Laura C. Bishop of Liverpool John Moores University; David R. Braun of George Washington University; Peter W. Ditchfield of University of Oxford; John W. Seaman III , Katie M. Binetti and John W. Seaman Jr. of Baylor University; Fritz Hertel of California State University and Richard Potts of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and National Museums of Kenya.

The research was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation, Leakey Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation, National Geographic Society, The Leverhulme Trust, University of California, Baylor University and the City University of New York. Additional logistical support was provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program and the Peter Buck Fund for Human Origins Research, the British Institute of Eastern Africa and the National Museums of Kenya.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/a8etpFUWB64/130510124441.htm

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Friday, May 3, 2013

Customized Wedding Favors Append to Appreciation ...

Customized Wedding Favors Append to Appreciation

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HomeRelationship ArticlesMarriage ArticlesPersonalized Wedding Favors Append to Appreciation

Customized Wedding Favors Append to Appreciation

By Aisha Morris on August 23, 2011

Newly Wed couple make their specific day memorable and appreciating the guests for attending their worthwhile day. They like to indicate their appreciation by providing personalized wedding favors to their guests. It crafts an assertion, and visitors will worth the certain really feel.

Marriage ceremony favors are a detailed a element of the complete ceremony. There are numerous sorts of personalized wedding favors, every of which commune to your ceremony. These traditions was adopted by our ancestors too. They consider it brings excellent luck to the bride and groom if they?ve shown their appreciation by providing some personalized wedding favors to the relatives and pals.

To search out the greatest and inexpensive wedding favors, look for them in thrift retailers, accent outlets, arts and crafts, ornaments, and check out them in wholesale shops. The couple ought to take care of the organization checklist in order that they will select the item accordingly, and in addition they want to take into account the provision of the actual merchandise, they are focused on getting. Couples can as nicely contemplate about give customized favors that make their special day more particular. They will contemplate providing mugs with couple of words of thanks be aware and their photos on it, also they can do the identical troubles on plates and diverse such custom-made concerns can be very good Private Wedding Favors to their guests. They can use of Spot card holders as they?re greatest wedding favors in addition to the course for their guest seating that could serve as an artistic addition to the wedding table. Location card holders are to guide organization to their seats even so guests can take them house soon after the function.

Mostly, brides are quick to choose on personalized wedding favors, a present merchandise that can have an elongated exploits and be a cue of the couple?s gratitude. Pens are a truly best serviceable merchandise that won?t sever the wedding price range. Many firms supply pens with an intensive selection of styles that enable for Personalised Marriage ceremony Favour.

personalized wedding favors can be made custom-made in accordance with certain themes soak up a lot of addition gadgets that supply. A sport theme attracts typical golf teas, swizzle sticks in the form of golf clubs, signed baseballs, and miniature surf boards. The gifts can be provided in response to the theme they used for his or her wedding decoration. They will use the colors and standard items which create an massive squall on firm, and they truly really feel pleasurable by attending the wedding,

Customized Wedding Favors should not be exaggerated it may steal the present and canopy an additional gorgeous decoration so suppose 1 point a lot smaller and in no way so complex ones, which can make your guest really feel comfortable and pleased to obtain. Place the favors on trays and place them at the exit so that you merely can not miss any of your guests or just make an observation and spot it at the favors so that the buddies can take them while leaving as a outcome of some people may well feel averse to choose up the wedding favor.

I?ve been writing articles for practically 5 years. Come go to my newest net internet site more than at personalized wedding favors which assists people learn the best wedding napkin concepts and data they are on the lookout for whereas carrying out looking for wedding.

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Aisha Morris has published 9 articles. Article submitted on August 23, 2011. Word count: 525

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Wednesday, May 1, 2013

Groundbreaking Surgery for Girl Born Without Windpipe

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Doctors have built an implanted a windpipe, developed with plastic fibers and human cells, in a 2 ?-year-old girl ? the youngest person ever to receive a bioengineered organ.
    


Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/30/science/groundbreaking-surgery-for-girl-born-without-windpipe.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

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May 5 Rampage Pro Wrestling Presents Memorial Mayhem

From Rampage Pro Wrestling:

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Sunday, May 5, 3 pm Johnny G's Fun Center Warner Robins, GA

Triple Main Event!!

RPW Heavyweight Championship (Best 2 out of 3 Falls)

Champion MICAH TAYLOR vs Challenger AJ STEELE

Falls Count Anywhere in the Building!!

MURDER ONE vs JROD

GENE GAYTON MEMORIAL CUP 5 MAN ELIMINATION MATCH!

KYLE MATTHEWS vs MIKE CRUZ vs MARVELOUS MICHAEL STEVENS vs KORY CHAVIS vs DREW ADLER

Rematch!

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Tickets Front Row Ringside $10 *General Admission Adults $8 *Kids $5 Bring a first time fan and get one $5 off coupon for RPW tickets Sunday May 19!

Source: http://www.gwhnews.com/2013/04/may-5-rampage-pro-wrestling-presents.html

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NBA veteran Jason Collins comes out as gay

NEW YORK (AP) ? NBA veteran Jason Collins became the first active male player in the four major American professional sports to come out as gay.

The 34-year-old center, who has played for six teams in 12 seasons, wrote a first-person account that was posted on Sports Illustrated's website Monday. Collins finished the season with the Washington Wizards and is now a free agent. He says he wants to keep playing.

"If I had my way, someone else would have already done this," he writes. "Nobody has, which is why I'm raising my hand."

Collins played in a Final Four for Stanford and reached two NBA Finals. His twin brother, Jarron, was also a longtime NBA center. Collins says he told his brother he was gay last summer.

"Jason has been a widely respected player and teammate throughout his career and we are proud he has assumed the leadership mantle on this very important issue," NBA Commissioner David Stern said in a statement.

White House spokesman Jay Carney called the decision courageous and former President Bill Clinton said it was "an important moment for professional sports and in the history of the LGBT community."

"I hope that everyone, particularly Jason's colleagues in the NBA, the media and his many fans extend to him their support and the respect he has earned," Clinton added.

Daughter Chelsea, who knew the player from Stanford, tweeted: "Very proud of my friend Jason Collins for having the strength & courage to be the first openly gay player in the NBA."

Collins was also college roommates with another member of an American political dynasty: Rep. Joe Kennedy III, D-Mass. In his account, Collins wrote that he realized he needed to go public when the congressman walked in Boston's gay pride parade last year ? and Collins couldn't join him.

Kennedy tweeted Monday that "I've always been proud to call (Collins) a friend, and I'm even prouder to stand with him today."

Mostly a backup in his career, Collins has averaged 3.6 points and 3.8 rebounds for the Nets, Grizzlies, Timberwolves, Hawks, Celtics and Wizards. He was traded from Boston to Washington in February. Collins was the 18th pick in the first round of the 2001 NBA draft.

Several NBA players voiced support, including Kobe Bryant, who tweeted that he was proud of Collins.

"Don't suffocate who u r because of the ignorance of others," his post said, followed by the words "courage" and "support."

Wizards President Ernie Grunfeld weighed in saying: "We are extremely proud of Jason and support his decision to live his life proudly and openly. He has been a leader on and off the court and an outstanding teammate throughout his NBA career. Those qualities will continue to serve him both as a player and as a positive role model for others of all sexual orientation."

Several male athletes have previously come out after they retired, including the NBA's John Amaechi, the NFL's Esera Tuaolo and Major League Baseball's Billy Bean. But Collins is the first to do so while planning to keep playing.

Collins wrote that he quietly made a statement for gay rights even while keeping his sexual orientation a secret. He wore the No. 98 with the Celtics and Wizards ? that was the year Matthew Shepard, a gay college student in Wyoming, was killed, and the Trevor Project, a suicide prevention organization, was founded.

" 'Courage' and 'inspiration' are words that get thrown around a lot in sports, but Jason Collins has given both ideas a brand new context," said Aaron McQuade, who heads the sports program for the advocacy group GLAAD, "We hope that his future team will welcome him, and that fans of the NBA and sports in general will applaud him. We know that the NBA will proudly support him, and that countless young LGBT Athletes now have a new hero."

In February, former U.S. soccer national team player Robbie Rogers said he was gay ? and retired at the same time. Rogers is just 25, and others have urged him to resume his career.

"I feel a movement coming," he tweeted after the Collins news broke.

Female athletes have found more acceptance in coming out; Brittney Griner, one of the best women's basketball players, caused little ripple when she acknowledged earlier this month she was a lesbian. Tennis great Martina Navratilova tweeted Monday that Collins is "a brave man."

"1981 was the year for me- 2013 is the year for you," her post added.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/nba-veteran-jason-collins-comes-gay-154926467.html

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Ignore Toxic Advice From Phantom Zone Politicians, Syria Edition (OliverWillisLikeKryptoniteToStupid)

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